Liberating yourself from cognitive distortions
In the previous post, we saw that when we aim to change aspects of ourselves, like becoming happier, more confident, or less anxious, we often approach it as if we want to build our tree (or our confidence, happiness…). However, the key question isn’t how to grow your tree but what is preventing it from growing.
The answer is found in the roots of your trees, but because the roots are underground (in your subconscious), you cannot see them. There are two main burdens hanging from your roots, which prevent your trees from growing: limiting beliefs and cognitive distortions. They belong to the domain of thoughts/language, and, as we also saw in earlier posts, our thoughts influence our emotions and actions. Limiting beliefs and cognitive distortions can generate fear, guilt, and anxiety, limiting your ability to change or take action. To be able to grow your trees in the declining forests of your brainforest, you need to identify and untie these limiting beliefs and distortions from the roots.
The good news is that because limiting beliefs and cognitive distortions are in the domain of thought/action, so you can progressively change them using the same key tool for self-rewiring that we have been utilizing so far: language.
This is a practical post containing the most common types of cognitive distortions. You can use your external observer to observe yourself and detect if you are doing any of them which might be preventing your trees from growing. The list is quite extensive so I will focus on limiting beliefs the next time.
1. All-or-Nothing Thinking
Definition: Seeing things in black-and-white categories. If something isn’t perfect, it’s considered a total failure.
Examples:
1. “If I don’t get an A on this test, I’m a complete failure.”
2. “If I miss one workout, my entire fitness plan is ruined.”
How to Address: Recognize the shades of gray in situations. Instead of thinking “I’m a complete failure,” consider “I didn’t do as well as I wanted, but I can improve.”
2. Overgeneralization
Definition: Viewing a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat.
Examples:
1. “I was late for work today. I’m always late and unreliable.”
2. “I didn’t get the job I wanted; I’ll never find a good job.”
How to Address: Challenge this distortion by reminding yourself that one instance does not define all future outcomes. Replace “never” and “always” with “sometimes” and “occasionally.”
3. Mental Filter
Definition: Dwelling on a single negative detail and ignoring all the positive aspects of a situation.
Examples:
1. “I received several compliments on my presentation, but I made one small mistake, so it was a disaster.”
2. “My performance review was mostly positive, but my boss mentioned one area for improvement, so it means I’m not good at my job.”
How to Address: Make a conscious effort to notice the positives. For every negative thought, try to identify at least two positive aspects.
4. Disqualifying the Positive
Definition: Rejecting positive experiences by insisting they “don’t count” for some reason or another.
Examples:
1. “I got a promotion, but it’s just because they were short-staffed, not because I’m good at my job.”
2. “People say I’m good at playing the guitar, but they’re just being nice.”
How to Address: Accept and celebrate your positive experiences. Allow yourself to recognize your achievements and strengths.
5. Underestimating Ability to Cope
Definition: Believing that you are incapable of handling difficult situations or challenges.
Examples:
1. “If I lose my job, I won’t be able to handle it and my life will fall apart.”
2. “If my partner leaves me, I won’t be able to survive emotionally.”
How to Address: Remind yourself of past challenges you have successfully navigated. Make a list of your strengths and resources that you can rely on in tough times.
6. Mind Reading
Definition: Assuming you know what others are thinking, especially in a negative context.
Examples:
1. “My coworker didn’t say hi to me this morning; they must be upset with me.”
2. “My friend hasn’t replied to my message; they must not like me anymore.”
How to Address: Ask for clarification instead of assuming. Challenge your thoughts by considering alternative explanations.
7. Taking Things Personally
Definition: Assuming that others’ actions or words are a direct reflection of you.
Examples:
1. “My boss didn’t smile at me today; it must be because of something I did.”
2. “My friend canceled our plans; they must not value my company.”
How to Address: Recognize that other people’s actions are often about them, not you. Consider other possible reasons for their behavior.
8. Fortune Telling
Definition: Predicting that things will turn out badly without evidence.
Examples:
1. “I’m going to fail this exam no matter how much I study.”
2. “This project will definitely be a disaster.”
How to Address: Focus on the present and what you can control. Acknowledge that you cannot predict the future and consider positive outcomes.
9. Unrealistic Standards
Definition: Setting excessively high standards for yourself or others that are difficult or impossible to meet.
Examples:
1. “I must always be perfect in everything I do, or I’m a failure.”
2. “I should never make mistakes at work; I must always excel.”
How to Address: Set realistic and achievable goals. Allow yourself and others to make mistakes and learn from them.
10. Jumping to Conclusions Without Evidence
Definition: Making assumptions or conclusions without sufficient evidence. This includes Mind Reading and Fortune Telling.
Examples:
1. “My boss didn’t respond to my email immediately; they must be angry with me.”
2. “My partner was quiet tonight; they must be losing interest in me.”
How to Address: Wait for more information before drawing conclusions. Communicate directly to clarify situations.
11. Emotional Reasoning
Definition: Assuming that negative emotions reflect the way things really are.
Examples:
1. “I feel anxious about this task; it must be too difficult for me.”
2. “I feel guilty, so I must have done something wrong.”
How to Address: Recognize that emotions are not facts. Use logic and evidence to evaluate the situation.
12. Blaming
Definition: Holding others responsible for your pain or blaming yourself for every problem.
Examples:
1. “If my partner wasn’t so difficult, I wouldn’t be so stressed.”
2. “It’s all my fault that the team didn’t meet the deadline.”
How to Address: Take responsibility for your part while recognizing that you can’t control others. Avoid placing undue blame on yourself or others.
Ready for a more intensive, fast, and effective process? Discover how the Conscious Self-Rewiring Coaching Method can accelerate your personal growth. Book a complimentary 30-minute discovery call with Dr. Laura to explore the Healthy Success Coaching program. Coaching sessions online. In-person coaching sessions in Dubai and the UAE.